Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Cyclin D and cdk4 are required for normal development beyond the blastula stage in sea urchin embryos.
Moore JC
,
Sumerel JL
,
Schnackenberg BJ
,
Nichols JA
,
Wikramanayake A
,
Wessel GM
,
Marzluff WF
.
???displayArticle.abstract??? cdk4 mRNA and protein are constitutively expressed in sea urchin eggs and throughout embryonic development. In contrast, cyclin D mRNA is barely detectable in eggs and early embryos, when the cell cycles consist of alternating S and M phases. Cyclin D mRNA increases dramatically in embryos at the early blastula stage and remains at a constant level throughout embryogenesis. An increase in cdk4 kinase activity occurs concomitantly with the increase in cyclin D mRNA. Ectopic expression of cyclin D mRNA in eggs arrests development before the 16-cell stage and causes eventual embryonic death, suggesting that activation of cyclin D/cdk4 in cleavage cell cycles is lethal to the embryo. In contrast, blocking cyclin D or cdk4 expression with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in normal development of early gastrula-stage embryos but abnormal, asymmetric larvae. These results suggest that in sea urchins, cyclin D and cdk4 are required for normal development and perhaps the patterning of the developing embryo, but may not be directly involved in regulating entry into the cell cycle.
Audic,
Cyclin E morpholino delays embryogenesis in Xenopus.
2001, Pubmed
Audic,
Cyclin E morpholino delays embryogenesis in Xenopus.
2001,
Pubmed
Ceol,
dpl-1 DP and efl-1 E2F act with lin-35 Rb to antagonize Ras signaling in C. elegans vulval development.
2001,
Pubmed
Datar,
The Drosophila cyclin D-Cdk4 complex promotes cellular growth.
2000,
Pubmed
Diehl,
Inhibition of cyclin D1 phosphorylation on threonine-286 prevents its rapid degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
1997,
Pubmed
Diehl,
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
1998,
Pubmed
Dowdy,
Physical interaction of the retinoblastoma protein with human D cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Du,
The role of RBF in the introduction of G1 regulation during Drosophila embryogenesis.
1999,
Pubmed
Duronio,
The transcription factor E2F is required for S phase during Drosophila embryogenesis.
1995,
Pubmed
Duronio,
Developmental control of the G1 to S transition in Drosophila: cyclin Eis a limiting downstream target of E2F.
1995,
Pubmed
Duronio,
Mutations of the Drosophila dDP, dE2F, and cyclin E genes reveal distinct roles for the E2F-DP transcription factor and cyclin E during the G1-S transition.
1998,
Pubmed
Edelmann,
The TATA binding protein in the sea urchin embryo is maternally derived.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Edgar,
Distinct molecular mechanism regulate cell cycle timing at successive stages of Drosophila embryogenesis.
1994,
Pubmed
Edgar,
Cell cycle. Cell-cycle control in a developmental context.
1994,
Pubmed
Edgar,
Zygotic degradation of two maternal Cdc25 mRNAs terminates Drosophila's early cell cycle program.
1996,
Pubmed
Edgar,
Developmental control of cell cycle regulators: a fly's perspective.
1996,
Pubmed
Ewen,
Functional interactions of the retinoblastoma protein with mammalian D-type cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Fantl,
Mice lacking cyclin D1 are small and show defects in eye and mammary gland development.
1995,
Pubmed
Gutierrez,
Is c-myc protein directly involved in DNA replication?
1988,
Pubmed
Hamel,
The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle regulation.
1992,
Pubmed
Harris,
Cytology and immunocytochemistry.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hartley,
In vivo regulation of the early embryonic cell cycle in Xenopus.
1996,
Pubmed
Hartley,
A role for cyclin E/Cdk2 in the timing of the midblastula transition in Xenopus embryos.
1997,
Pubmed
Hong,
Developmental regulation of a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor controls postembryonic cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans.
1998,
Pubmed
Howard,
SpKrl: a direct target of beta-catenin regulation required for endoderm differentiation in sea urchin embryos.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Howe,
A developmental timer regulates degradation of cyclin E1 at the midblastula transition during Xenopus embryogenesis.
1996,
Pubmed
Jarvis,
The early and late sea urchin histone H4 mRNAs respond differently to inhibitors of DNA synthesis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kato,
Direct binding of cyclin D to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D-dependent kinase CDK4.
1993,
Pubmed
Kobayashi,
Identification of the domains in cyclin A required for binding to, and activation of, p34cdc2 and p32cdk2 protein kinase subunits.
1992,
Pubmed
Laidlaw,
Cortical granule biogenesis is active throughout oogenesis in sea urchins.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Lane,
Dacapo, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, stops cell proliferation during Drosophila development.
1996,
Pubmed
Lu,
lin-35 and lin-53, two genes that antagonize a C. elegans Ras pathway, encode proteins similar to Rb and its binding protein RbAp48.
1998,
Pubmed
Mao,
Altering cell fates in sea urchin embryos by overexpressing SpOtx, an orthodenticle-related protein.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Matsushime,
Colony-stimulating factor 1 regulates novel cyclins during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
1991,
Pubmed
Matushansky,
Manipulating the onset of cell cycle withdrawal in differentiated erythroid cells with cyclin-dependent kinases and inhibitors.
2000,
Pubmed
Matushansky,
Reprogramming leukemic cells to terminal differentiation by inhibiting specific cyclin-dependent kinases in G1.
2000,
Pubmed
Meyer,
Drosophila Cdk4 is required for normal growth and is dispensable for cell cycle progression.
2000,
Pubmed
Meyerson,
Identification of G1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D partner.
1994,
Pubmed
Moreau,
Cdk2 activity is dispensable for the onset of DNA replication during the first mitotic cycles of the sea urchin early embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Morgan,
Principles of CDK regulation.
1995,
Pubmed
Page,
The C. elegans E2F- and DP-related proteins are required for embryonic asymmetry and negatively regulate Ras/MAPK signaling.
2001,
Pubmed
Palazzo,
Isolation of centrosomes from Spisula solidissima oocytes.
1999,
Pubmed
Park,
Regulation of postembryonic G(1) cell cycle progression in Caenorhabditis elegans by a cyclin D/CDK-like complex.
1999,
Pubmed
Ransick,
Whole mount in situ hybridization shows Endo 16 to be a marker for the vegetal plate territory in sea urchin embryos.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Royzman,
Mutations in Drosophila DP and E2F distinguish G1-S progression from an associated transcriptional program.
1997,
Pubmed
Serrano,
A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4.
1993,
Pubmed
Shen,
A chromatin remodelling complex involved in transcription and DNA processing.
2000,
Pubmed
Sherr,
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
1999,
Pubmed
Sicinski,
Cyclin D2 is an FSH-responsive gene involved in gonadal cell proliferation and oncogenesis.
1996,
Pubmed
Sumerel,
Cyclin E and its associated cdk activity do not cycle during early embryogenesis of the sea Urchin.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Summerton,
Morpholino antisense oligomers: design, preparation, and properties.
1997,
Pubmed
Taieb,
Cyclin D2 arrests Xenopus early embryonic cell cycles.
1997,
Pubmed
Wang,
Two Xenopus proteins that bind the 3' end of histone mRNA: implications for translational control of histone synthesis during oogenesis.
1999,
Pubmed
Weinberg,
The retinoblastoma protein and cell cycle control.
1995,
Pubmed
Wianny,
G1-phase regulators, cyclin D1, cyclin D2, and cyclin D3: up-regulation at gastrulation and dynamic expression during neurulation.
1998,
Pubmed
Won,
Growth-regulated expression of D-type cyclin genes in human diploid fibroblasts.
1992,
Pubmed
Xiong,
Human D-type cyclin.
1991,
Pubmed
Xiong,
Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation.
1993,
Pubmed
de Nooij,
A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, Dacapo, is necessary for timely exit from the cell cycle during Drosophila embryogenesis.
1996,
Pubmed
