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ECB-ART-47712
Mol Cell Biol 2002 Jul 01;2213:4863-75. doi: 10.1128/MCB.22.13.4863-4875.2002.
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Cyclin D and cdk4 are required for normal development beyond the blastula stage in sea urchin embryos.

Moore JC , Sumerel JL , Schnackenberg BJ , Nichols JA , Wikramanayake A , Wessel GM , Marzluff WF .


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cdk4 mRNA and protein are constitutively expressed in sea urchin eggs and throughout embryonic development. In contrast, cyclin D mRNA is barely detectable in eggs and early embryos, when the cell cycles consist of alternating S and M phases. Cyclin D mRNA increases dramatically in embryos at the early blastula stage and remains at a constant level throughout embryogenesis. An increase in cdk4 kinase activity occurs concomitantly with the increase in cyclin D mRNA. Ectopic expression of cyclin D mRNA in eggs arrests development before the 16-cell stage and causes eventual embryonic death, suggesting that activation of cyclin D/cdk4 in cleavage cell cycles is lethal to the embryo. In contrast, blocking cyclin D or cdk4 expression with morpholino antisense oligonucleotides results in normal development of early gastrula-stage embryos but abnormal, asymmetric larvae. These results suggest that in sea urchins, cyclin D and cdk4 are required for normal development and perhaps the patterning of the developing embryo, but may not be directly involved in regulating entry into the cell cycle.

???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 12052892
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC133905
???displayArticle.link??? Mol Cell Biol
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Genes referenced: cdk6 LOC100887844 LOC115919910
???displayArticle.antibodies??? LOC115927903 Ab1 cdk2 Ab1 cdk6 Ab1
???displayArticle.morpholinos??? LOC115927903 MO2 cdk6 MO1

References [+] :
Audic, Cyclin E morpholino delays embryogenesis in Xenopus. 2001, Pubmed