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Oxid Med Cell Longev
2016 Jan 01;2016:9251064. doi: 10.1155/2016/9251064.
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Morphological and Biochemical Effects on the Skeletal Muscle of Ovariectomized Old Female Rats Submitted to the Intake of Diets with Vegetable or Animal Protein and Resistance Training.
Figueiredo Braggion G
,
Ornelas E
,
Carmona Sattin Cury J
,
Edviges Alves Lima N
,
Aquino RC
,
Affonso Fonseca FL
,
Maifrino LB
.
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Introduction. Sarcopenia is a process characterized by reduction in protein mass and muscle strength with increasing age, especially in the postmenopausal period, resulting in functional limitations and with great impact on the physical autonomy of the elderly. Objective. To evaluate the effects of diets with vegetable proteins (VP) or animal proteins (AP) associated with resistance training (RT) on the structural and biochemical parameters of the medial gastrocnemius muscle in Wistar rats with sarcopenia. Methods. An experimental model with ovariectomized rats was used to induce sarcopenia and resistance training. The histochemical technique was used for the typing of muscle fibers, the cross-sectional area of myocytes, and volume densities of myocytes and interstitium; the technique of Picrosirius stain was used to highlight the collagen fibers. Results. The VP diet was not able to minimize the effects of sarcopenia in the medial gastrocnemius of sedentary animals and when associated with RT, it promoted maintenance of the CSA, attenuating the atrophy of type IIB fibers in the medial gastrocnemius. The AP diet in sedentary animals protected the type I fibers. When combined with RT, the AP promoted muscle remodeling, with reduction in volume density of type I and IIA fibers, and increase of IIB fibers, together with an increase in collagen volume density. Conclusion. The data suggest a tendency to better results of hypertrophy in animal groups that consumed the AP diet, even the sedentary animals, although more evident in those trained.
Figure 1. Average variation of food consumption (in grams of chow/animal/day), during the 12 weeks of intervention. Groups CVS, VOS, AOS, CAS, VOT, and AOT.
Figure 2. Cross-sectional images of the medial gastrocnemius muscle stained with the NADH-tr technique. CVS: sedentary, control, vegetable protein, VOS: sedentary, ovariectomized, vegetable protein, VOT: trained, ovariectomized, vegetable protein, CAS: sedentary, control, animal protein, AOS: sedentary, ovariectomized, animal protein, and AOT: trained, ovariectomized, animal protein. Arrows indicate the different types of fiber. Red: type I fibers, yellow: type IIA fibers, and green: type IIB fibers. Black arrows indicate interstitium.
Figure 3. Cross-sectional images of the medial gastrocnemius muscle stained with the Picrosirius technique, showing the collagen fibers according to groups. CVS: sedentary, control, vegetable protein, VOS: sedentary, ovariectomized, vegetable protein, VOT: trained, ovariectomized, vegetable protein, CAS: sedentary, control, animal protein, AOS: sedentary, ovariectomized, animal protein, and AOT: trained, ovariectomized, animal protein. Arrows indicate collagen fibers stained with the Picrosirius method.
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