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Sci Rep
2017 May 16;71:1954. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02077-5.
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Maternal antioxidant provisioning mitigates pollutant-induced oxidative damage in embryos of the temperate sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus.
Lister KN
,
Lamare MD
,
Burritt DJ
.
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One mechanism of pollution resistance in marine populations is through transgenerational plasticity, whereby offspring capacity to resist pollution reflects parental exposure history. Our study aimed to establish correlations between oxidative stress biomarkers and key reproductive fitness parameters in the temperate sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus following exposure to dietary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAH-exposed adults exhibited total gonad tissue concentrations of PAHs in excess of 4 and 5 times baseline levels, for females and males respectively. Antioxidant enzymes were upregulated and oxidative lipid and protein damage to gonad tissues occurred. In addition, early stage offspring reflected maternal antioxidant status, with progeny derived from exposed females demonstrating significantly higher baselines than those derived from control females. Maternal exposure history enhanced the capacity of embryos to minimise oxidative damage to lipids and proteins following exposure to additional PAHs, but provided less of an advantage in protection against oxidative DNA damage. Abnormal embryonic development was largely independent of oxidative damage, remaining high in all embryo populations regardless of parental PAH-history. Overall, results document evidence for maternal transfer of antioxidant potential in E. chloroticus, but imply that a short-term inherited resilience against oxidative stress may not necessarily translate to a fitness or survival gain.
Figure 1. Parents can influence the ability of their progeny to respond to environmental stress through genetic and non-genetic pathways. Modified from ref. 4.
Figure 2. Mean ± SE activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glyoxalase-I (Glx-I), glyoxalase-II (Glx-II), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), total glutathione and percentage reduced glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl, lipid hydroperoxide and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in 3-day old Evechinus chloroticus embryos exposed to control (0 ng/L), low (540 ng/L) and high (1080 ng/L) PAH treatments. Embryos were derived from contaminant-naïve versus contaminant-experienced parents and combinations of both (e.g. NF * NM = naïve female crossed with naïve male). N = 3.
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