Tsunemasa N et al. (2012), Effects of organoboron antifoulants on oyster a...

ECB-ART-42694

Int J Mol Sci 2012 Dec 24;141:421-33. doi: 10.3390/ijms14010421.

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Effects of organoboron antifoulants on oyster and sea urchin embryo development.

Tsunemasa N , Tsuboi A , Okamura H .

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Prohibition of Ot (organotin) compounds was introduced in Japan in 1997 and worldwide from September 2008. This meant that the production of paints containing TBT compounds was stopped and alternatives to the available Ot antifoulants had to be developed. It has been claimed that the degradation by-products of these alternative antifoulants were less toxic than those of Ot compounds. Since the introduction of the alternative antifoulants, the accumulation of these compounds has been reported in many countries. However, the toxicity of these compounds was still largely unreported. In this research, the toxicity of the alternative Ot antifoulants TPBP (triphenylborane pyridine) and TPBOA (triphenylborane octadecylamine) and their degradation products on Crassostea gigas and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were tested. The results showed that toxic effects in Crassostea gigas was higher for each antifouling biocide than that in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Also, while the toxicity of the Organoboron antifoulants and the Ots were the same, the former''s degradation products were much less harmful.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844

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References [+] :

Bellas, Comparative toxicity of alternative antifouling biocides on embryos and larvae of marine invertebrates. 2006, Pubmed, Echinobase

	Figure 1. Effects of TPBP and TPBOA on Crassostea gigas embryo development after 24 h. (A) TPBP at 10 μg/L; (B) TPBP at 1 μg/L; (C) TPBP at 0.1 μg/L; (D) TPBOA at 10 μg/L; (E) TPBOA at 1 μg/L; (F) TPBOA at 0.1 μg/L; (G) Control.
	Figure 2. Effects of TPBP and TPBOA on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus embryo development after 48 h. (A) TPBP at 100 μg/L; (B) TPBP at 50 μg/L; (C) TPBP at 20 μg/L; (D) TPBOA at 100 μg/L; (E) TPBOA at 50 μg/L; (F) TPBOA at 20 μg/L; (G) Control.
	Figure 3. Survival and protruding-mantle deformity rates on Crassostea gigas embryo after a period of 24 h.
	Figure 4. Survival and unequal length of postoral arms deformity rates on Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus embryo after a period of 48 h.
	Figure 5. Deformity embryo (A) Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (B) Crassostea gigas.
	Figure 6. Chemical structures of triphenylborane compounds tested. (A) TPBP (B) TPBOA.