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Int J Mol Med
2014 Sep 01;343:796-803. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1815.
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Protective effect of porphyra-334 on UVA-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts.
Ryu J
,
Park SJ
,
Kim IH
,
Choi YH
,
Nam TJ
.
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The significant increase in life expectancy is closely related to the growing interest in the impact of aging on the function and appearance of the skin. Skin aging is influenced by several factors, and solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is considered one of the most important causes of skin photoaging. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-photoaging role of porphyra-334 from Porphyra (P.) yezoensis, a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrospray ionization‑mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the present study, extracted UV‑absorbing compounds from P. yezoensis included palythine, asterina-330 and porphyra-334. Porphyra-334 was the most abundant MAA in P. yezoensis, and it was therefore used for conducting antiphotoaging experiments. The effect of porphyra-334 on the prevention of photoaging was investigated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components and protein expression in UVA‑irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Porphyra-334 suppressed ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation, while increasing levels of ECM components, such as procollagen, type I collagen, elastin. These results suggest that porphyra-334 has various applications in cosmetics and toiletries because of its anti‑photoaging activities and may serve as a novel anti-aging agent.
Figure 1. Chromatographic separation of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) from Porphyra (P.) yezoensis. (A) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatogram of P. yezoensis, showing the peaks for peak 1 (2.29 min), peak 2 (2.493 min) and peak 3 (11.53 min). Mass spectrometry (MS) spectra and chemical structures of peaks 1, 2 and 3 exhibits [M+H]+ ions at m/z (B) 245.1, (C) 289.1 and (D) 347.1.
Figure 3. Effect of porphyra-334 on UVA-induced production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human skin fibroblasts. Following UVA irradiation at 10 J/cm2, cells were treated with 10, 20 and 40 μM porphyra-334 for 24 h, and MMP expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. (A) RT-PCR results revealed an association between porphyra-334 concentrations and MMP mRNA expression. mRNA expression was normalized to the housekeeping gene, GAPDH. (B) Western blot analysis revealed that porphyra-334 prevented the UVA-induced expression of MMPs. GAPDH was the loading control for western blot analysis.
Figure 4. Effect of porphyra-334 on the UVA-induced degradation of elastin and collagen in human skin fibroblasts. Following UVA irradiation at 10 J/cm2, the cells were treated with 10, 20 and 40 μM of porphyra-334 for 24 h. (A) The procollagen levels and (B) elastase activity was measured by ELISA. (C) The mRNA transcription and (D) protein level of type I collagen and elastin expression levels were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. *P<0.05 compared with the only non-UVA irradiated group.
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