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PLoS One
2015 Jan 01;108:e0135701. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135701.
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Cytoprotective Effects of Lysophospholipids from Sea Cucumber Holothuria atra.
Nishikawa Y
,
Furukawa A
,
Shiga I
,
Muroi Y
,
Ishii T
,
Hongo Y
,
Takahashi S
,
Sugawara T
,
Koshino H
,
Ohnishi M
.
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Lysophospholipids are important signaling molecules in animals and metazoan cells. They are widely distributed among marine invertebrates, where their physiological roles are unknown. Sea cucumbers produce unique lysophospholipids. In this study, two lysophospholipids were detected in Holothuria atra for the first time, lyso-platelet activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine, with nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses. The lipid fraction of H. atra contained lyso-platelet activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine, and inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in the macrophage cell line J774A.1. The antioxidant activity of the lysophospholipid-containing lipid fraction of H. atra was confirmed with the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Our results suggest that the lysophospholipids from H. atra are potential therapeutic agents for the inflammation induced by oxidative stress.
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26275144
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC4537208 ???displayArticle.link???PLoS One
Fig 3. Thin-layer chromatogram of the F7 lipid fraction.The F7 lipid fraction was analyzed with Dittmer reagent (A) or 50% sulfuric acid (B) with a chloroform–methanol–water mixture (65:35:8, v/v/v). 1, Sphingomyelin; 2, Lyso-PAF; 3, F7 lipid fraction; 4, LPC.
Fig 4. Structures of lysophospholipids.Compounds 1–6 were identified as Lyso-PAF and LPC in the F7 lipid fraction. Compounds 7–9 were the products of ozonolysis.
Fig 6. ORAC assay.Antioxidant capacities of the F7 lipid fraction and a lipid mixture containing Lyso-PAF C18:0 (44%), Lyso-PAF (9Z)-C18:1 (44%), and LPC C18:0 (12%). Lyso-PAF C18:0, Lyso-PAF (9Z)-C18:1, and LPC are expressed in μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, calculated from a Trolox standard curve.
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