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Toxics
2022 Feb 27;103:. doi: 10.3390/toxics10030113.
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Peculiarities of the Edaphic Cyanobacterium Nostoc linckia Culture Response and Heavy Metal Accumulation from Copper-Containing Multimetal Systems.
Cepoi L
,
Zinicovscaia I
,
Valuta A
,
Codreanu L
,
Rudi L
,
Chiriac T
,
Yushin N
,
Grozdov D
,
Peshkova A
.
Abstract
Soil and water pollution is a major problem that has a negative impact on ecosystems and human health in particular. In the bioremediation processes, the application of photosynthetic microorganisms, including cyanobacteria, is a direction of action addressed with increasing frequency in the context of further development and improvement of environmentally friendly techniques needed for detoxification of soils and waters polluted with low concentrations of toxic elements, since they pose a challenge for traditional treatment methods. In the present study, the removal of copper and other metal ions from multielement systems by three generations of Nostoc linckia is discussed. Changes in the biochemical composition of the nostoc biomass, which accumulates metal ions, were monitored. Neutron activation analysis was applied to assess Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn accumulation by biomass, as well as to determine the biochemical composition of biomass after specific biochemical methods were used. The capacity of the accumulation of copper and other metal ions from multi-elemental systems by cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia was high and increased over two cycles of biomass growth in the systems Cu-Fe-Ni and Cu-Fe-Zn and over three cycles in Cu-Fe and Cu-Fe-Ni-Zn systems. It constituted 1720-10,600 µg metal/g depending on the system and cycle of cultivation. The accumulation of Fe, Ni, and Zn also increased over the generations of nostoc. The process of metal accumulation was demonstrated by a significant change in the biomass biochemical composition. Cyanobacteria Nostoc linckia possess a pronounced capacity of copper and other metal ion accumulation from multimetal systems and showed an increased resistance in environments polluted with heavy metals.
Figure 1. Growth curve of Nostoc linckia (Roth) Born et Flah CNM-CB-03 in standard conditions.
Figure 2. Nostoc linckia dry biomass accumulated at the end of three cultivation cycles in multimetal systems (a—p < 0.001 for the difference between experimental and control samples, b—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and second cycle, c—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and third cycles, and d—p < 0.001 for the difference between the second and third cycles).
Figure 3. Bioaccumulation of copper and other metals by Nostoc linckia biomass during three life cycles in media containing multimetallic systems (a) Cu/Fe, (b) Cu/Fe/Zn, (c) Cu/Fe/Ni and (d) Cu/Fe/Ni/Zn (a—p < 0.001 for the difference between experimental and control samples, b—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and second cycle, c—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and third cycles, and d—p < 0.001 for the difference between the second and third cycles).
Figure 4. Total proteins; carbohydrates; lipids and malondialdehyde in Nostoc linckia biomass obtained over three cycles of cultivation in multimetallic systems (a—p < 0.001 for the difference between experimental and control samples, b—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and second cycle, c—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and third cycles, d—p < 0.001 for the difference between the second and third cycles).
Figure 5. Total phycobiliproteins, chlorophyll α and β-carotene in Nostoc linckia biomass obtained during three cycles of cultivation in media containing multimetallic systems (a—p < 0.001 for the difference between experimental and control samples, b—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and second cycle, c—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and third cycles, d—p < 0.001 for the difference between the second and third cycles).
Figure 6. Antioxidant activity (% inhibition of ABTS+) of ethanolic extracts of Nostoc linckia biomass obtained during three cycles of cultivation in media containing multimetallic systems (a—p < 0.001 for the difference between experimental and control samples, b—p < 0.001 for the difference between the first and second cycle, d—p < 0.001 for the difference between the second and third cycles).
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