Jiao H et al. (2015), Polysaccharide Constituents of Three Types of S...

ECB-ART-44250

Mar Drugs 2015 Sep 16;139:5882-900. doi: 10.3390/md13095882.

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Polysaccharide Constituents of Three Types of Sea Urchin Shells and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activities.

Jiao H , Shang X , Dong Q , Wang S , Liu X , Zheng H , Lu X .

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As a source of potent anti-inflammatory traditional medicines, the quantitative chromatographic fingerprints of sea urchin shell polysaccharides were well established via pre-column derivatization high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Based on the quantitative results, the content of fucose and glucose could be used as preliminary distinguishing indicators among three sea urchin shell species. Besides, the anti-inflammatory activities of the polysaccharides from sea urchin shells and their gonads were also determined. The gonad polysaccharide of Anthocidaris crassispina showed the most potent anti-inflammatory activity among all samples tested.

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Genes referenced: LOC100887844 LOC100889101 LOC115919910

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	Figure 1. HPLC chromatogram of sea urchin shell polysaccharide hydrolysate. 11 monosaccharide compositions were determined. W1 and W2 were unknown. 13-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (PMP), 2 Mannose (Man), 3 Glucosamine (GlcN), 4 Ribose (Rib), 5 Rhamnose (Rham), 6 Glucuronic acid (GlcUA), 7 Galactosamine (GalN), 8 Glucose (Glc), 9 Galactose (Gal), 10 Xylose (Xyl), 11 Arabinose (Ara), 12 Fucose (Fuc).
	Figure 2. Boxplot of 13 components in different batches of samples. The circle and asterisk were the symbols used for outliers and the number indicates the batch number. Two components (W1 and W2) were unknown. Sample 1–4 stand for Strongylocentrotus nudus. Sample 5, and 7–12 stand for Glyptocidaris crenularis. Sample 6, 13 and 14 stand for Anthocidaris crassispina.
	Figure 3. Score (A) and loading (B) plot of PCA. The numbers 1–14 shown in (A) refer to the sample number. The numbers 1–103 shown in (B) indicate the chromatographic peaks in HPLC fingerprints. Sample 1–4 stand for Strongylocentrotus nudus. Sample 5 and 7–12 stand for Glyptocidaris crenularis. Sample 6, 13 and 14 stand for Anthocidaris crassispina.
	Figure 4. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on between-groups the average-linkage method. Dendrograms in (A–C) were based on the areas of common peaks in fingerprints with three similarity algorithms: Euclidean distance (A); cosine of angle (B) and Pearson correlation (C). Sample 1–4 stand for Strongylocentrotus nudus. Sample 5 and 7–12 stand for Glyptocidaris crenularis. Sample 6, 13 and 14 stand for Anthocidaris crassispina.
	Figure 5. HPLC chromatograms of the sea urchin gonad polysaccharide. 1 PMP, 2 Man, 3 GlcN, 4 Rib, 5 Rham, 6 GlcUA, 7 GalN, 8 Glc, 9 Gal, 10 Xyl, 11 Ara, 12 Fuc.
	Figure 6. Effect of the sea urchin shell and gonad polysaccharides on RAW264.7 cell viability. Compared with the Vehicle group ▲▲ p < 0.01. GDT-Strongylocentrotus nudus shell polysaccharide, GDT-H-Strongylocentrotus nudus shell polysaccharide hydrolysate, ZDT-Anthocidaris crassispina shell polysaccharide, ZDT-H-Anthocidaris crassispina shell polysaccharide hydrolysate, HDT-Glyptocidaris crenularis shell polysaccharide, HDT-H-Glyptocidaris crenularis shell polysaccharide hydrolysate.
	Figure 7. Effect of the sea urchin shell and gonad polysaccharides on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cell viability. Compared with the vehicle, * p < 0.01; compared with the LPS group, ▲▲ p<0.01. GDT-Strongylocentrotus nudus shell polysaccharide, GDT-H-Strongylocentrotus nudus shell polysaccharide hydrolysate, ZDT-Anthocidaris crassispina shell polysaccharide, ZDT-H-Anthocidaris crassispina shell polysaccharide hydrolysate, HDT-Glyptocidaris crenularis shell polysaccharide, HDT-H-Glyptocidaris crenularis shell polysaccharide hydrolysate.
	Figure 8. Effect of the sea urchin shell and gonad polysaccharides on LPS-stimulated NO production. Compared with the vehicle group, * p < 0.01; compared with the LPS group, ▲▲ p < 0.01. GDT-Strongylocentrotus nudus shell polysaccharide, GDT-H-Strongylocentrotus nudus shell polysaccharide hydrolysate, ZDT-Anthocidaris crassispina shell polysaccharide, ZDT-H-Anthocidaris crassispina shell polysaccharide hydrolysate, HDT-Glyptocidaris crenularis shell polysaccharide, HDT-H-Glyptocidaris crenularis shell polysaccharide hydrolysate.

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