Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Brain Res Bull
2007 Sep 28;744:221-31. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.06.012.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
The sea urchin embryo, an invertebrate model for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity, reveals multiple neurotransmitter mechanisms for effects of chlorpyrifos: therapeutic interventions and a comparison with the monoamine depleter, reserpine.
Buznikov GA
,
Nikitina LA
,
Rakić LM
,
Milosević I
,
Bezuglov VV
,
Lauder JM
,
Slotkin TA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Lower organisms show promise for the screening of neurotoxicants that might target mammalian brain development. Sea urchins use neurotransmitters as embryonic growth regulatory signals, so that adverse effects on neural substrates for mammalian brain development can be studied in this simple organism. We compared the effects of the organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos in sea urchin embryos with those of the monoamine depleter, reserpine, so as to investigate multiple neurotransmitter mechanisms involved in developmental toxicity and to evaluate different therapeutic interventions corresponding to each neurotransmitter system. Whereas reserpine interfered with all stages of embryonic development, the effects of chlorpyrifos did not emerge until the mid-blastula stage. After that point, the effects of the two agents were similar. Treatment with membrane permeable analogs of the monoamine neurotransmitters, serotonin and dopamine, prevented the adverse effects of either chlorpyrifos or reserpine, despite the fact that chlorpyrifos works simultaneously through actions on acetylcholine, monoamines and other neurotransmitter pathways. This suggests that different neurotransmitters, converging on the same downstream signaling events, could work together or in parallel to offset the developmental disruption caused by exposure to disparate agents. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating membrane permeable analogs of acetylcholine and cannabinoids, both of which proved effective against chlorpyrifos- or reserpine-induced teratogenesis. Invertebrate test systems can provide both a screening procedure for mammalian neuroteratogenesis and may uncover novel mechanisms underlying developmental vulnerability as well as possible therapeutic approaches to prevent teratogenesis.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
17720543
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC2042487 ???displayArticle.link???Brain Res Bull ???displayArticle.grants???[+]
Aldridge,
Alterations in central nervous system serotonergic and dopaminergic synaptic activity in adulthood after prenatal or neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure.
2005, Pubmed
Aldridge,
Alterations in central nervous system serotonergic and dopaminergic synaptic activity in adulthood after prenatal or neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure.
2005,
Pubmed
Aldridge,
Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos elicits sex-selective alterations of serotonergic synaptic function in adulthood: critical periods and regional selectivity for effects on the serotonin transporter, receptor subtypes, and cell signaling.
2004,
Pubmed
Aldridge,
Developmental exposure of rats to chlorpyrifos leads to behavioral alterations in adulthood, involving serotonergic mechanisms and resembling animal models of depression.
2005,
Pubmed
Aldridge,
Serotonergic systems targeted by developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos: effects during different critical periods.
2003,
Pubmed
Aschner,
Interactions between pesticides and glia: an unexplored experimental field.
2000,
Pubmed
Bartolomé,
Ornithine decarboxylase in developing rat heart and brain: role of sympathetic development for responses to autonomic stimulants and the effects of reserpine on maturation.
1977,
Pubmed
Blum,
The effect of reserpine on growth and catecholamine content of Tetrahymena.
1966,
Pubmed
Buelke-Sam,
Postnatal function following prenatal reserpine exposure in rats: neurobehavioral toxicity.
1989,
Pubmed
Burchett,
The mysterious trace amines: protean neuromodulators of synaptic transmission in mammalian brain.
2006,
Pubmed
Buznikov,
From oocyte to neuron: do neurotransmitters function in the same way throughout development?
1996,
Pubmed
Buznikov,
[Cholinergic regulation of the sea urchin embryonic and larval development].
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Buznikov,
Cholinoreceptors of early (preneural) sea urchin embryos.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Buznikov,
[Polyenic acid 5-hydroxytryptamides and 3-hydroxytyramides as tools for studying of the pre-nervous biogenic monoamine functions].
2000,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Buznikov,
An invertebrate model of the developmental neurotoxicity of insecticides: effects of chlorpyrifos and dieldrin in sea urchin embryos and larvae.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Buznikov,
The role of neurohumours in early embryogenesis. 3. Pharmacological analysis of the role of neurohumours in cleavage divisions.
1970,
Pubmed
Buznikov,
Sea urchin embryos and larvae as biosensors for neurotoxicants.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Casida,
Organophosphate toxicology: safety aspects of nonacetylcholinesterase secondary targets.
2004,
Pubmed
Cihák,
Decreased synthesis of DNA in regenerating rat liver after the administration of reserpine.
1973,
Pubmed
Claudio,
Testing methods for developmental neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals.
2000,
Pubmed
Colborn,
A case for revisiting the safety of pesticides: a closer look at neurodevelopment.
2006,
Pubmed
Costa,
Current issues in organophosphate toxicology.
2006,
Pubmed
Costa,
Neurotoxicity testing: a discussion of in vitro alternatives.
1998,
Pubmed
Dam,
Chlorpyrifos releases norepinephrine from adult and neonatal rat brain synaptosomes.
1999,
Pubmed
Dam,
Neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure alters synaptic development and neuronal activity in cholinergic and catecholaminergic pathways.
1999,
Pubmed
Eriksson,
Developmental neurotoxicity of environmental agents in the neonate.
1997,
Pubmed
Funk,
Neuropathology of organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in young chicks.
1994,
Pubmed
Garcia,
Does the developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos involve glial targets? Macromolecule synthesis, adenylyl cyclase signaling, nuclear transcription factors, and formation of reactive oxygen in C6 glioma cells.
2001,
Pubmed
Garcia,
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos: targeting glial cells.
2005,
Pubmed
Guizzetti,
Effect of organophosphorus insecticides and their metabolites on astroglial cell proliferation.
2005,
Pubmed
Gustafson,
On the role of serotonin and acetylcholine in sea urchin morphogenesis.
1970,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Hagström,
The sea urchin egg as a testing object in toxicology.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Jameson,
Chlorpyrifos affects phenotypic outcomes in a model of mammalian neurodevelopment: critical stages targeting differentiation in PC12 cells.
2006,
Pubmed
Koshiura,
Combination antitumor effect with central nervous system depressants on rat ascites hepatomas.
1980,
Pubmed
Landrigan,
Environmental neurotoxic illness: research for prevention.
1994,
Pubmed
Lewis,
Effect of reserpine on cell proliferation in the developing rat brain: a quantivative histological study.
1977,
Pubmed
Linney,
Zebrafish as a neurotoxicological model.
2004,
Pubmed
Liu,
Comparative presynaptic neurochemical changes in rat striatum following exposure to chlorpyrifos or parathion.
1998,
Pubmed
Monnet-Tschudi,
Maturation-dependent effects of chlorpyrifos and parathion and their oxygen analogs on acetylcholinesterase and neuronal and glial markers in aggregating brain cell cultures.
2000,
Pubmed
Nallapaneni,
Modulation of paraoxon toxicity by the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2.
2006,
Pubmed
Patel,
Effect of reserpine on cell proliferation and energy stores in the developing rat brain.
1979,
Pubmed
Pesando,
Biological targets of neurotoxic pesticides analysed by alteration of developmental events in the Mediterranean sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Pope,
Organophosphorus pesticides: do they all have the same mechanism of toxicity?
1999,
Pubmed
Qiao,
Nicotine is a developmental neurotoxicant and neuroprotectant: stage-selective inhibition of DNA synthesis coincident with shielding from effects of chlorpyrifos.
2003,
Pubmed
Qiao,
Developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpyrifos modeled in vitro: comparative effects of metabolites and other cholinesterase inhibitors on DNA synthesis in PC12 and C6 cells.
2001,
Pubmed
Qiao,
The sea urchin embryo as a model for mammalian developmental neurotoxicity: ontogenesis of the high-affinity choline transporter and its role in cholinergic trophic activity.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Qiao,
Oxidative mechanisms contributing to the developmental neurotoxicity of nicotine and chlorpyrifos.
2005,
Pubmed
Raines,
Alterations in serotonin transporter expression in brain regions of rats exposed neonatally to chlorpyrifos.
2001,
Pubmed
Roy,
Chlorpyrifos elicits mitotic abnormalities and apoptosis in neuroepithelium of cultured rat embryos.
1998,
Pubmed
Schwartz,
Environmental genomics: a key to understanding biology, pathophysiology and disease.
2004,
Pubmed
Shmukier,
Functional coupling of neurotransmitters with second messengers during cleavage divisions: facts and hypotheses.
1998,
Pubmed
Shmukler,
Possibility of membrane reception of neurotransmitter in sea urchin early embryos.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Slotkin,
Screening for developmental neurotoxicity using PC12 cells: comparisons of organophosphates with a carbamate, an organochlorine, and divalent nickel.
2007,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Functional alterations in CNS catecholamine systems in adolescence and adulthood after neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure.
2002,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity and their impact on organophosphate pesticides: a personal view from an academic perspective.
2004,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphates in vivo: transcriptional responses of pathways for brain cell development, cell signaling, cytotoxicity and neurotransmitter systems.
2007,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Comparative developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphate insecticides: effects on brain development are separable from systemic toxicity.
2006,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Organophosphate insecticides target the serotonergic system in developing rat brain regions: disparate effects of diazinon and parathion at doses spanning the threshold for cholinesterase inhibition.
2006,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Developmental cholinotoxicants: nicotine and chlorpyrifos.
1999,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Exposure to organophosphates reduces the expression of neurotrophic factors in neonatal rat brain regions: similarities and differences in the effects of chlorpyrifos and diazinon on the fibroblast growth factor superfamily.
2007,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
The alterations in CNS serotonergic mechanisms caused by neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure are permanent.
2005,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure elicits presynaptic serotonergic and dopaminergic hyperactivity at adolescence: critical periods for regional and sex-selective effects.
2007,
Pubmed
Slotkin,
Cholinergic systems in brain development and disruption by neurotoxicants: nicotine, environmental tobacco smoke, organophosphates.
2004,
Pubmed
Tennyson,
Effects of extended periods of reserpine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine treatment on the development of the putamen in fetal rabbits.
1983,
Pubmed
Tilson,
Neurotoxicology risk assessment guidelines: developmental neurotoxicology.
2000,
Pubmed
Tilson,
The concern for developmental neurotoxicology: is it justified and what is being done about it?
1995,
Pubmed
Tuler,
Release and metabolism of dopamine in a clonal line of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells exposed to fenthion.
1989,
Pubmed
Won,
Age-related effects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholine release in rat brain.
2001,
Pubmed
Yanai,
Cell signaling as a target and underlying mechanism for neurobehavioral teratogenesis.
2002,
Pubmed
Yanai,
Convergent effects on cell signaling mechanisms mediate the actions of different neurobehavioral teratogens: alterations in cholinergic regulation of protein kinase C in chick and avian models.
2004,
Pubmed
Zurich,
Use of aggregating brain cell cultures to study developmental effects of organophosphorus insecticides.
2000,
Pubmed
Zurich,
Involvement of glial cells in the neurotoxicity of parathion and chlorpyrifos.
2004,
Pubmed
