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ECB-ART-52049
Microbiol Spectr 2022 Oct 26;105:e0056522. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00565-22.
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Exploring the Bacteriome and Resistome of Humans and Food-Producing Animals in Brazil.

de Carvalho FM , Valiatti TB , Santos FF , Silveira ACO , Guimarães APC , Gerber AL , Souza CO , Cassu Corsi D , Brasiliense DM , Castelo-Branco DSCM , Anzai EK , Bessa-Neto FO , Guedes GMM , de Souza GHA , Lemos LN , Ferraz LFC , Bahia MNM , Vaz MSM , da Silva RGB , Veiga R , Simionatto S , Monteiro WAP , Lima WAO , Kiffer CRV , Campos Pignatari AC , Cayô R , de Vasconcelos ATR , Gales AC .


Abstract
The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is complex, with multiple interfaces (human-animal-environment). In this context, One Health surveillance is essential for understanding the distribution of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). This report describes a multicentric study undertaken to evaluate the bacterial communities and resistomes of food-producing animals (cattle, poultry, and swine) and healthy humans sampled simultaneously from five Brazilian regions. Metagenomic analysis showed that a total of 21,029 unique species were identified in 107 rectal swabs collected from distinct hosts, the highest numbers of which belonged to the domain Bacteria, mainly Ruminiclostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., and the order Enterobacterales. We detected 405 ARGs for 12 distinct antimicrobial classes. Genes encoding antibiotic-modifying enzymes were the most frequent, followed by genes related to target alteration and efflux systems. Interestingly, carbapenemase-encoding genes such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1 were identified in distinct hosts. Our results revealed that, in general, the bacterial communities from humans were present in isolated clusters, except for the Northeastern region, where an overlap of the bacterial species from humans and food-producing animals was observed. Additionally, a large resistome was observed among all analyzed hosts, with emphasis on the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes not previously reported in Latin America. IMPORTANCE Humans and food production animals have been reported to be important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs). The frequency of these multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria tends to be higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due mainly to a lack of public health policies. Although studies on AMR in humans or animals have been carried out in Brazil, this is the first multicenter study that simultaneously collected rectal swabs from humans and food-producing animals for metagenomics. Our results indicate high microbial diversity among all analyzed hosts, and several ARGs for different antimicrobial classes were also found. As far as we know, we have detected for the first time ARGs encoding carbapenemases, such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1, in Latin America. Thus, our results support the importance of metagenomics as a tool to track the colonization of food-producing animals and humans by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In addition, a network surveillance system called GUARANI, created for this study, is ready to be expanded and to collect additional data.

PubMed ID: 35993730
Article link: Microbiol Spectr



References [+] :
Alcock, CARD 2020: antibiotic resistome surveillance with the comprehensive antibiotic resistance database. 2020, Pubmed