Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Expression of transforming growth factor beta-like molecules in normal and regenerating arms of the crinoid Antedon mediterranea: immunocytochemical and biochemical evidence.
Patruno M
,
Smertenko A
,
Candia Carnevali MD
,
Bonasoro F
,
Beesley PW
,
Thorndyke MC
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The phylum Echinodermata is well known for its extensive regenerative capabilities. Although there are substantial data now available that describe the histological and cellular bases of this phenomenon, little is known about the regulatory molecules involved. Here, we use an immunochemical approach to explore the potential role played by putative members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of secreted proteins in the arm regeneration process of the crinoid Antedon mediterranea. We show that a TGF-beta-like molecule is present in normal and regenerating arms both in a propeptide form and in a mature form. During regeneration, the expression of the mature form is increased and appears to be accompanied by the appearance of an additional isoform. Immunocytochemistry indicates that TGF-beta-like molecules are normally present in the nervous tissue and are specifically localized in both neural elements and non-neural migratory cells, mainly at the level of the brachial nerve. This pattern increases during regeneration, when the blastemal cells show a particularly striking expression of this molecule. Our data indicate that a TGF-beta-like molecule (or molecules) is normally present in the adult nervous tissues of A. mediterranea and is upregulated significantly during regeneration. We suggest that it can play an important part in the regenerative process.
Brockes,
The nerve dependence of amphibian limb regeneration.
1987, Pubmed
Brockes,
The nerve dependence of amphibian limb regeneration.
1987,
Pubmed
Candia Carnevali,
Pattern of bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in the advanced stages of arm regeneration in the feather star Antedon mediterranea.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Candia Carnevali,
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of arm regeneration in crinoid echinoderms: the potential of arm explants.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cohen,
Protein phosphorylation and the control of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle.
1983,
Pubmed
Fawcett,
Astrocytic and neuronal factors affecting axon regeneration in the damaged central nervous system.
1997,
Pubmed
Husmann,
Growth factors in skeletal muscle regeneration.
1996,
Pubmed
Hussey,
Differential and developmental expression of beta-tubulins in a higher plant.
1988,
Pubmed
Hwang,
Sea urchin TgBMP2/4 gene encoding a bone morphogenetic protein closely related to vertebrate BMP2 and BMP4 with maximal expression at the later stages of embryonic development.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Kovarík,
An improved colloidal silver staining method of protein blots on nitrocellulose membranes.
1987,
Pubmed
Laemmli,
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
1970,
Pubmed
Lindholm,
Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in the rat brain: increase after injury and inhibition of astrocyte proliferation.
1992,
Pubmed
Massagué,
TGF-beta signal transduction.
1998,
Pubmed
Massagué,
TGFbeta signaling: receptors, transducers, and Mad proteins.
1996,
Pubmed
Mozes,
Isoform specificity of commercially-available anti-TGF-beta antibodies.
1999,
Pubmed
Nodder,
Wound healing in embryos: a review.
1997,
Pubmed
O'Kane,
Transforming growth factor beta s and wound healing.
1997,
Pubmed
Patruno,
Changes in ubiquitin conjugates and Hsp72 levels during arm regeneration in echinoderms.
2001,
Pubmed
Raftery,
TGF-beta family signal transduction in Drosophila development: from Mad to Smads.
1999,
Pubmed
Saharinen,
Latent transforming growth factor-beta binding proteins (LTBPs)--structural extracellular matrix proteins for targeting TGF-beta action.
1999,
Pubmed
Stenzel,
The univin gene encodes a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily with restricted expression in the sea urchin embryo.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Suga,
Multiple TGF-beta receptor related genes in sponge and ancient gene duplications before the parazoan-eumetazoan split.
1999,
Pubmed
Tomoda,
Transforming growth factor-beta is a survival factor for neonate cortical neurons: coincident expression of type I receptors in developing cerebral cortices.
1996,
Pubmed
Towbin,
Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications.
1979,
Pubmed