Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Mar Drugs
2013 Dec 11;1112:4993-5007. doi: 10.3390/md11124993.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
The effect of eating sea cucumber jelly on Candida load in the oral cavity of elderly individuals in a nursing home.
Yano A
,
Abe A
,
Aizawa F
,
Yamada H
,
Minami K
,
Matsui M
,
Kishi M
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
We conducted a double-blind randomized controlled study of elderly individuals in a nursing home to investigate the effect of the consumption of jelly containing sea cucumber on their oral Candida load. The jelly contained a hydrolysate of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus, which contained triterpene glycosides called holotoxins. The holotoxins worked as a fungicide, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations for Candida albicans were 7 µg/mL. Eight individuals in the nursing home took the sea cucumber jelly for a week and their oral Candida were counted before and after the intervention. Nine individuals took a control jelly without S. japonicus. The sea cucumber jelly showed inhibitory effects on the oral Candida. Thus, daily consumption of the S. japonicus jelly has the potential to reduce the oral Candida load in the elderly in nursing homes.
Figure 1. Time-killing curve of holotoxin for Candida albicans JCM1542. HTX at 40 µg/mL (black box) or dimethyl sulfoxide control (white box) were added to a log-phase culture of C. albicans. The number of viable cells at various time points was plotted (±standard deviation, duplicate analysis, repeated three times). Approximate curves and their formulae are also indicated, with coefficient values (r2).
Figure 2. Analysis of HTX fractions and S. japonicus hydrolysate by HPLC and mass spectrometry. (a) Chromatogram of HTX. HTX was analysed by HPLC with an Inertsil ODS-3 column (4.6 × 150 mm) and a mobile phase with 35% acetonitrile at 0.8 mL/min. The major peaks were numbered from 1 to 3. (b) Chromatogram of the S. japonicus hydrolysate. The three peaks detected in HTX were also detected in the hydrolysate.
Figure 3. Flow diagram of the clinical study. The randomized controlled trial as designed to investigate the effect of sea cucumber jelly on oral Candida. We obtained participation agreements from 33 Candida-positive individuals. Oral Candida levels were measured before randomization. Three patients in whom oral Candida could not be detected were excluded. Three persons were hospitalized due to worsening physical health and did not participate in the study. Nine persons had problems managing their dentures (inability to clean their dentures, etc.) and were excluded. The remaining 18 persons were randomized to two groups. To maintain balance in the study population, the denture and non-denture groups were independently randomized. Before starting the intervention, one further participant was hospitalized and did not participate in the study. Two groups of participants (n = 9 and n = 8) underwent the control or S. japonicus interventions, and their oral Candida levels were compared.
Bergsson,
In vitro killing of Candida albicans by fatty acids and monoglycerides.
2001, Pubmed
Bergsson,
In vitro killing of Candida albicans by fatty acids and monoglycerides.
2001,
Pubmed
Bordbar,
High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods--a review.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Cheng,
Interplay between Candida albicans and the mammalian innate host defense.
2012,
Pubmed
Dongari-Bagtzoglou,
Oral Candida infection and colonization in solid organ transplant recipients.
2009,
Pubmed
Hancock,
Oral and dental management related to radiation therapy for head and neck cancer.
2003,
Pubmed
Lalla,
A systematic review of oral fungal infections in patients receiving cancer therapy.
2010,
Pubmed
Liu,
Generic and oral quality of life is affected by oral mucosal diseases.
2012,
Pubmed
Madl,
Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of a complex triterpene saponin mixture of Chenopodium quinoa.
2006,
Pubmed
Maltsev,
Triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus Selenka.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Maza,
Candida albicans adherence to resin-composite restorative dental material: influence of whole human saliva.
2002,
Pubmed
Närhi,
Salivary yeasts, saliva, and oral mucosa in the elderly.
1993,
Pubmed
Okawa,
Oral administration of collagen tripeptide improves dryness and pruritus in the acetone-induced dry skin model.
2012,
Pubmed
Peterson,
Management of oral and gastrointestinal mucositis: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines.
2011,
Pubmed
Pfaller,
Determination of fungicidal activities against yeasts and molds: lessons learned from bactericidal testing and the need for standardization.
2004,
Pubmed
Shimada,
Antifungal steroid glycoside from sea cucumber.
1969,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Shin,
Rapid identification of up to three Candida species in a single reaction tube by a 5' exonuclease assay using fluorescent DNA probes.
1999,
Pubmed
Shinozaki,
Close association between oral Candida species and oral mucosal disorders in patients with xerostomia.
2012,
Pubmed
Torres,
Relationship between salivary flow rates and Candida counts in subjects with xerostomia.
2002,
Pubmed
Ueda,
A study on the effects of short-, medium- and long-term professional oral care in elderly persons requiring long-term nursing care at a chronic or maintenance stage of illness.
2003,
Pubmed
Van Dyck,
Qualitative and quantitative saponin contents in five sea cucumbers from the Indian ocean.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Van Dyck,
The triterpene glycosides of Holothuria forskali: usefulness and efficiency as a chemical defense mechanism against predatory fish.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Vazquez,
Optimal management of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in patients living with HIV infection.
2010,
Pubmed
Wisplinghoff,
Nosocomial bloodstream infections in US hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study.
2004,
Pubmed
de Resende,
Prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of yeasts obtained from the oral cavity of elderly individuals.
2006,
Pubmed