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Biol Res
2015 Feb 20;481:12. doi: 10.1186/s40659-015-0002-2.
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Anti-inflammatory components of the Vietnamese starfish Protoreaster nodosus.
Thao NP
,
Luyen BT
,
Koo JE
,
Kim S
,
Koh YS
,
Cuong NX
,
Nam NH
,
Van Kiem P
,
Kim YH
,
Van Minh C
.
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BACKGROUND: In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of a methanolic extract, dichloromethane fraction, water layer, and polyhydroxylated sterols (1-4) isolated from the Vietnamese starfish Protoreaster nodosus on pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-12 p40, IL-6, and TNF-α) production in LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
RESULTS: The methanolic extract and dichloromethane fraction exerted potent inhibitory effects on the production of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.60 ± 0.01 to 26.19 ± 0.64 μg/mL. Four highly pure steroid derivatives (1-4) were isolated from the dichloromethane fraction and water layer of P. nodosus. Potent inhibitory activities were also observed for (25S) 5α-cholestane-3β,4β,6α,7α,8β,15α,16β,26-octol (3) on the production of IL-12 p40 and IL-6 (IC50s = 3.11 ± 0.08 and 1.35 ± 0.03 μM), and for (25S) 5α-cholestane-3β,6α,8β,15α,16β,26-hexol (1) and (25S) 5α-cholestane-3β,6α,7α,8β,15α,16β,26-heptol (2) on the production of IL-12 p40 (IC50s = 0.01 ± 0.00 and 1.02 ± 0.01 μM). Moreover, nodososide (4) exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on IL-12 p40 and IL-6 production.
CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory activity from the starfish P. nodosus. The main finding of this study is the identification oxygenated steroid derivatives from P. nodosus with potent anti-inflammatory activities that may be developed as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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25762127
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC4347916 ???displayArticle.link???Biol Res
Figure 1.
The chemical structures of oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol (1–4) from
P
.
nodosus.
Figure 2.
The effect of extract
/fractions
(1.0,
2.0, 5.0,
and 10.0 μg/
mL) on IL-
12 p40
(A),
IL-
6
(B),
and TNF-
α
(C)
production by LPS
-stimulated BMDCs. The data were presented as inhibition rate (%) compared to the value of vehicle-treated DCs. SB203580 was used as a positive control (Pos.).
Figure 3.
The effect of oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol 1
–4
(0.1 to 50.0 μM)
on IL-
12 p40 production by LPS-
stimulated BMDCs. The data were presented as inhibition rate (%) compared to the value of vehicle-treated DCs. SB203580 was used as a positive control. Comp.: compound.
Figure 4.
The effect of oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol 3 and 4
(1.0 to 50.0 μM)
on IL-
6 production by LPS-
stimulated BMDCs. The data were presented as inhibition rate (%) compared to the value of vehicle-treated DCs. SB203580 was used as a positive control. Comp.: compound.
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