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Mar Biol
2010 Jan 01;15712:2677-2687. doi: 10.1007/s00227-010-1528-z.
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Thermal tolerance of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus early life history stages: mortality, stress-induced gene expression and biogeographic patterns.
Hammond LM
,
Hofmann GE
.
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In this study, we examined the differential thermal tolerance of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus early life history stages by comparing high temperature-induced mortality and the relative levels of the stress-induced gene, hsp70, between S. purpuratus embryos and larvae from adults collected throughout the species range. There was no significant difference between gastrulae and 4-arm plutei mortality from all sites examined. Furthermore, there was little variability in temperature tolerance across the biogeographic range as southern gastrulae and 4-arm plutei exhibited similar tolerances to northern individuals. Relative levels of hsp70 mRNA expression did not differ overall between the two developmental stages at each site. Across sites, all gastrulae and 4-arm plutei exhibited maximum hsp70 expression at approximately 25°C; however, the range of hsp70 expression was narrower in southern individuals, suggesting they are living closer to their upper thermal limit than northern individuals.
Fig. 1.
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus collection sites: Fogarty Creek, OR (FC), Santa Cruz, CA (SC), Santa Barbara, CA (SB), Eréndira, Baja California, MX (ER)
Fig. 2. Thermal tolerance plots showing percent mortality in S. purpuratus gastrulae and 4-arm plutei after 1-h heat shock from adults from FC (gastrulae, n = 2; 4-arm plutei, n = 3 where hereafter n represents the number of male–female pairs spawned for each batch of embryos and larvae); SC (gastrulae, n = 3; 4-arm plutei, n = 3); SB (gastrulae, n = 3; 4-arm plutei, n = 4); and ER (gastrulae, n = 3; 4-arm plutei, n = 4). Error bars indicate standard error of male–female pair replicates
Fig. 3. Relative hsp70 mRNA expression levels after 1-h heat shock in S. purpuratus gastrulae and 4-arm plutei of adults from FC (gastrulae, n = 2; 4-arm plutei, n = 3); SC (gastrulae, n = 3; 4-arm plutei, n = 3); SB (gastrulae, n = 3; 4-arm plutei, n = 4); and ER (gastrulae, n = 3; 4-arm plutei, n = 4). Values are relative to a common S. purpuratus larval standard and normalized to ef1-α. Error bars indicate standard error of male–female pair replicates
Fig. 4. Levels of hsp70 mRNA expression in 4-arm plutei from each site relative to a common S. purpuratus larval standard and normalized to ef1-α. Data were plotted from 4-arm plutei only as there were no significant differences between the gastrulae and 4-arm plutei in hsp70 expression profiles. Values along the x-axis represent the change in heat exposure temperature from the control temperature used at each site
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