Click
here to close Hello! We notice that
you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Echinobase
and may cause the site to display incorrectly. We suggest using a
current version of Chrome,
FireFox,
or Safari.
Dev Genes Evol
2016 Jan 01;2261:37-45. doi: 10.1007/s00427-015-0527-y.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Ancestral state reconstruction by comparative analysis of a GRN kernel operating in echinoderms.
Erkenbrack EM
,
Ako-Asare K
,
Miller E
,
Tekelenburg S
,
Thompson JR
,
Romano L
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Diverse sampling of organisms across the five major classes in the phylum Echinodermata is beginning to reveal much about the structure and function of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) in development and evolution. Sea urchins are the most studied clade within this phylum, and recent work suggests there has been dramatic rewiring at the top of the skeletogenic GRN along the lineage leading to extant members of the euechinoid sea urchins. Such rewiring likely accounts for some of the observed developmental differences between the two major subclasses of sea urchins-cidaroids and euechinoids. To address effects of topmost rewiring on downstream GRN events, we cloned four downstream regulatory genes within the skeletogenic GRN and surveyed their spatiotemporal expression patterns in the cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides. We performed phylogenetic analyses with homologs from other non-vertebrate deuterostomes and characterized their spatiotemporal expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WMISH). Our data suggest the erg-hex-tgif subcircuit, a putative GRN kernel, exhibits a mesoderm-specific expression pattern early in Eucidaris development that is directly downstream of the initial mesodermal GRN circuitry. Comparative analysis of the expression of this subcircuit in four echinoderm taxa allowed robust ancestral state reconstruction, supporting hypotheses that its ancestral function was to stabilize the mesodermal regulatory state and that it has been co-opted and deployed as a unit in mesodermal subdomains in distantly diverged echinoderms. Importantly, our study supports the notion that GRN kernels exhibit structural and functional modularity, locking down and stabilizing clade-specific, embryonic regulatory states.
Davidson,
Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans.
2006, Pubmed
Davidson,
Gene regulatory networks and the evolution of animal body plans.
2006,
Pubmed
Erkenbrack,
Evolutionary rewiring of gene regulatory network linkages at divergence of the echinoid subclasses.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Ettensohn,
Encoding anatomy: developmental gene regulatory networks and morphogenesis.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gao,
Transfer of a large gene regulatory apparatus to a new developmental address in echinoid evolution.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Gao,
Juvenile skeletogenesis in anciently diverged sea urchin clades.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Howard-Ashby,
Identification and characterization of homeobox transcription factor genes in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and their expression in embryonic development.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Materna,
Diversification of oral and aboral mesodermal regulatory states in pregastrular sea urchin embryos.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Mavrothalassitis,
Proteins of the ETS family with transcriptional repressor activity.
2000,
Pubmed
McCauley,
Development of an embryonic skeletogenic mesenchyme lineage in a sea cucumber reveals the trajectory of change for the evolution of novel structures in echinoderms.
2012,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
McCauley,
A conserved gene regulatory network subcircuit drives different developmental fates in the vegetal pole of highly divergent echinoderm embryos.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Oliveri,
Global regulatory logic for specification of an embryonic cell lineage.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Peter,
A gene regulatory network controlling the embryonic specification of endoderm.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Poustka,
A global view of gene expression in lithium and zinc treated sea urchin embryos: new components of gene regulatory networks.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Rizzo,
Identification and developmental expression of the ets gene family in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus).
2006,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Seidel,
An ERK2 docking site in the Pointed domain distinguishes a subset of ETS transcription factors.
2002,
Pubmed
Solek,
An ancient role for Gata-1/2/3 and Scl transcription factor homologs in the development of immunocytes.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Soufi,
PRH/Hex: an oligomeric transcription factor and multifunctional regulator of cell fate.
2008,
Pubmed
Thompson,
Reorganization of sea urchin gene regulatory networks at least 268 million years ago as revealed by oldest fossil cidaroid echinoid.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Wray,
The origin of spicule-forming cells in a 'primitive' sea urchin (Eucidaris tribuloides) which appears to lack primary mesenchyme cells.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
Yamazaki,
Larval mesenchyme cell specification in the primitive echinoid occurs independently of the double-negative gate.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Echinobase
