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Effects of Artificial Light at Night on Fitness-Related Traits of Sea Urchin (Heliocidaris crassispina).
Xu X
,
Wang Z
,
Jin X
,
Ding K
,
Yang J
,
Wang T
.
Abstract
Limited data are available regarding the effects of elevated coastal artificial light at night (ALAN) on intertidal echinoderms. In this study, we investigated the behavioral, morphological, and physiological responses of the sea urchin (Heliocidaris crassispina) after continuous exposure to ALAN at light intensities of 0.1, 300, and 600 Lux for 6 weeks. Our findings revealed that ALAN at 300 Lux substantially reduced food consumption, Lantern weight, and gonadosomatic index (GSI). On the other hand, ALAN at 600 Lux notably prolonged the righting and covering response times and elevated the 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio, while concurrently decreasing food consumption, body weight, Lantern weight, GSI, and Pax6 gene expression. These results indicated that continuous exposure to ALAN could cause an adverse effect on fitness-related traits, including behavioral responses, growth, reproductive performance, and photoreception of sea urchins. The present study provides new insights on the impact of light pollution on echinoderms.
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the three ALAN experimental groups (a) and the representative fitness behaviors (b) of sea urchins.
Figure 2. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on righting response time (a) and covering response time (b) of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 12).
Figure 3. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on food consumption of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 3).
Figure 4. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on body weight (a), test height (b), test diameter (c), and test height/test diameter (d) of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 12).
Figure 5. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on Aristotle’s lantern weight (a) and Aristotle’s lantern length (b) of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 12).
Figure 6. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on GSI (a) and gut-weight (b) of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 12).
Figure 7. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on coelomic fluid 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 12).
Figure 8. Effects of ALAN at different intensities for 6 weeks on Pax6 gene expression of sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences. Values are shown in data points and mean ± S.E. (n = 12).
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