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Molecules
2020 Jun 28;2513:. doi: 10.3390/molecules25132972.
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Physicochemical Properties and Liposomal Formulations of Hydrolysate Fractions of Four Sea Cucumbers (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) from the Northwestern Algerian Coast.
Mecheta A
,
Hanachi A
,
Jeandel C
,
Arab-Tehrany E
,
Bianchi A
,
Velot E
,
Mezali K
,
Linder M
.
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To promote the nutritional and pharmacological values of four sea cucumber species (Holothuria poli, H. tubulosa, H. arguinensis, and H. sanctori), harvested from the Algerian coast, we aimed to study their proximate composition, fatty acid profile and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Their phospholipids were also used to elaborate nanoliposomes and to encapsulate peptides obtained from the same source. After the physico-chemical characterization of nanoliposomes and peptides, in vitro analyses were realized. The four holothurian species showed a high amount of protein (49.26-69.34%), and an impressive lipid profile of 27 fatty acids, mainly composed of polar fatty acids (91.16-93.85%), with a high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content (50.90-71.80%), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (5.07-8.76%) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (4.86-7.25%). A high phospholipids amount was also found (55.20-69.85%), mainly composed of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (51.48-58.56%). Their peptide fractions exhibited a high ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 0.30 to 0.51 mg/mL). The results also showed that the nanoliposomes do not induce cytotoxicity and cell death in human MSCs and no perturbation of proliferation for all the times and the tested concentrations, as well as the combined nanoliposomes and hydrolysates (HTS) at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. All four sea cucumbers show potential as a new source for omega-3, omega-6, and bioactive peptides.
Figure 1. Degree of hydrolysis of H. poli, H. tubulosa, H. arguinensis, and H. sanctori, using Alcalase 2.4 L and Neutrase 0.8 L at 2% and 5%. The error bars represent standard deviation of means ± SD of at least three hydrolysis (n = 3) for each sea cucumber and at each enzyme concentration. (A): Degree of hydrolysis with Alcalase 2.4L at 2%; (B): Degree of hydrolysis with Alcalase 2.4L at 5%; (C): Degree of hydrolysis with Neutrase 0.8 L at 2%; (D): Degree of hydrolysis with Neutrase 0.8 L at 5%.
Figure 2. Impact of hydrolysates on metabolic activity. Human MSCs were exposed to increasing concentrations of hydrolysates (0.05, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) for 7 days. Metabolic activity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium) (MTT) assay. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) release was determined as described under the Materials and Methods section. DNA concentrations were measured to estimate the proliferation of the cells. For each tested condition, the cell metabolic activity results are presented in% versus control (Cont.) condition (100%). The error bars represent standard deviation of means ± SD of at least three individual experiments. * p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001 compared to control for each time point.
Figure 3. Impact of nanoliposomes without hydrolysates (Lipo 0.1) and with hydrolysates (Lipo 0.1+ Hydro 0.1) on human MSC. Human MSCs were exposed to nanoliposomes alone (0.1 mg/mL) or hydrolysates in nanoliposomes (0.1 mg/mL) for 7 days. Metabolic activity was assessed using an MTT assay, LDH release was determined as described under the Materials and Methods section, DNA concentrations were measured to estimate the proliferation of the cells. The results shown for H. poli, H. tubulosa, H. arguinensis, and H. sanctori are mean ± SD of at least three individual experiments. ** p < 0.001 compared to control for each point. The control condition for MSC metabolic activity was used as the reference value.
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