Dolmatov IY et al. (2018), Molecular mechanisms of fission in echinoderms:...

ECB-ART-46235

PLoS One 2018 Jan 01;134:e0195836. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195836.

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Molecular mechanisms of fission in echinoderms: Transcriptome analysis.

Dolmatov IY , Afanasyev SV , Boyko AV .

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Echinoderms are capable of asexual reproduction by fission. An individual divides into parts due to changes in the strength of connective tissue of the body wall. The structure of connective tissue and the mechanisms of variations in its strength in echinoderms remain poorly studied. An analysis of transcriptomes of individuals during the process of fission provides a new opportunity to understand the mechanisms of connective tissue mutability. In the holothurian Cladolabes schmeltzii, we have found a rather complex organization of connective tissue. Transcripts of genes encoding a wide range of structural proteins of extracellular matrix, as well as various proteases and their inhibitors, have been discovered. All these molecules may constitute a part of the mechanism of connective tissue mutability. According to our data, the extracellular matrix of echinoderms is substantially distinguished from that of vertebrates by the lack of elastin, fibronectins, and tenascins. In case of fission, a large number of genes of transcription factors and components of different signaling pathways are expressed. Products of these genes are probably involved in regulation of asexual reproduction, connective tissue mutability, and preparation of tissues for subsequent regeneration. It has been shown that holothurian tensilins are a special group of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, which has formed within the class Holothuroidea and is absent from other echinoderms. Our data can serve a basis for the further study of the mechanisms of extracellular matrix mutability, as well as the mechanisms responsible for asexual reproduction in echinoderms.

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Genes referenced: LOC100893907 LOC115925415

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References [+] :

Adams, The thrombospondins. 2011, Pubmed

	Fig 1. Collection of tissues for experiments.(A) Holothurian Cladolabes schmeltzii during fission. Vertical lines bound part of the body which takes for analysis. (B) Structure of the part of the body which takes for analysis. ce, coelomic epithelium; ct, connective tissue of the body wall; lmb, longitudinal muscle band; m, gut mesentery; rnc, radial nerve cord; wvc, radial water-vascular canal.
	Fig 2. GO enrichment analysis of genes in Cladolabes schmeltzii.
	Fig 3. Scheme of structure of the matrix metalloproteinases of C. schmeltzii.
	Fig 4. Part of phylogenetic tree constructed by maximum-likelihood method of TIMP proteins from 144 echinoderm and two non-echinoderm sequences (full version of the philogenetic tree is represented in S2 Fig).TIMP proteins with metzincin-binding interface are denoted by red color, green frame borders group of tensilins.