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J Mol Evol
1991 Jun 01;326:511-20. doi: 10.1007/bf02102653.
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Strand-specific nucleotide composition bias in echinoderm and vertebrate mitochondrial genomes.
Asakawa S
,
Kumazawa Y
,
Araki T
,
Himeno H
,
Miura K
,
Watanabe K
.
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The gene organization of starfish mitochondrial DNA is identical with that of the sea urchin counterpart except for a reported inversion of an approximately 4.6-kb segment containing two structural genes for NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 and 2 (ND 1 and ND 2). When the codon usage of each structural gene in starfish, sea urchin, and vertebrate mitochondrial DNAs is examined, it is striking that codons ending in T and G are preferentially used more for heavy strand-encoded genes, including starfish ND 1 and ND 2, than for light strand-encoded genes, including sea urchin ND 1 and ND 2. On the contrary, codons ending in A and C are preferentially used for the light strand-encoded genes rather than for the heavy strand-encoded ones. Moreover, G-U base pairs are more frequently found in the possible secondary structures of heavy strand-encoded tRNAs than in those of light strand-encoded tRNAs. These observations suggest the existence of a certain constraint operating on mitochondrial genomes from various animal phyla, which results in the accumulation of G and T on one strand, and A and C on the other.
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